Resolutions adopted by the United Nations
on Cyprus, regarding Famagusta
Resolution 550 (1984)
Adopted
by the Security Council on 11 May 1984
The
Security Council,
Having considered the situation in Cyprus at the request of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus,
Having
heard the statement made by the President of the Republic of Cyprus,
Taking
note of the report of the Secretary – General (S/16519),
Recalling
its resolutions 365 (1974), 367 (1975), 541 (1983) and 544 (1983),
Deeply
regretting the non-implementation of its resolutions, in particular resolution
541 (1983),
Gravely
concerned about the further secessionist acts in the occupied part of the
Republic of Cyprus which are in violation of resolution 541 (1983), namely the
purported “exchange of Ambassadors” between Turkey and the legally invalid
“Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” and the contemplated holding of a
“Constitutional referendum” and “elections”, as well as the other
actions or threats of actions aimed at further consolidating the purported
independent state and the division of Cyprus,
Deeply
concerned about recent threats for settlement of Varosha by people other than
its inhabitants,
Reaffirming
its continuing support for the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus,
v
Reaffirms its resolution 541 (1983) and calls for its
urgent and effective implementation.
v
Condemns all secessionist actions, including the
purported exchange of Ambassadors between Turkey and the Turkish Cypriot
leadership, declares them illegal and invalid and calls for their immediate
withdrawal.
v
Reiterates the call upon all States not to recognize
the purported state of the “Turkish Republic on Northern Cyprus” set up by
secessionist acts and calls upon them not to facilitate or in any way assist the
aforesaid entity;
v
Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty,
independence, territorial integrity, unity and non-alignment of the Republic of
Cyprus;
v
Considers
attempts to settle any part of Varosha by people other than its
inhabitants as inadmissible and calls for the transfer of this area to the
administration of the United Nations.
v
Considers
any attempts to interfere with the status or the deployment of the United
Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus as contrary to the resolutions of the
United Nations;
v
Requests
the Secretary-General to promote the urgent implementation of Security
resolution 541 (1983);
v
Reaffirms
its mandate of good offices given to the Secretary General and requests him to
undertake new efforts to attain an overall solution to the Cyprus problem in
conformity with the principles for such a settlement laid down in the pertinent
United Nations resolutions, including Security Council resolution 541 (1983) and
the present resolution;
v
Calls
aupon all parties to cooperate with the Secretary-General in his mission of good
offices;
v
Decides
to remain seized of the situation with a view to taking urgent and appropriate
measures in the event of non-implementation of its resolution 541 (1983) and the
present resolution;
v
Requests
the Secretary-General to promote the implementation of the resolution and to
report thereon to the Security council as developments require.
Adopted
at the 2539th meeting by 13 votes to 1 (Pakistan) with 1 abstention
(United States of America).
Resolution 789 (1992)
Adopted
by the Security Council on 25 November 1992
The
Security Council,
Having
considered the report of the Secretary-General of 19 November 1992 on his
mission of good offices in Cyprus (s/24830),
Noting
with satisfaction that the two leaders discussed all the issues in the Set of
Ideas with the result that there were areas of agreement as noted in the report,
Welcoming
the agreement by the two sides to meet again with the Secretary-General in early
March 1993 to complete the work on an agreed Set of Ideas,
1. Reaffirms all its previous resolutions on Cyprus, including resolutions 365 (1974), 367 (1975), 541 (1983), 550 (1984) and 774 (1992),
Endorses the report of the Secretary-General and
commends him for his efforts,
Reaffirms also its endorsement of the Set of Ideas
including the territorial adjustments reflected in the map contained in the
annex to the report of the Secretary-General of 21 August 1992 (2/s/24472)
as the basis for reaching an overall framework agreement,
Reaffirms further its position that the present
status quo is not acceptable and that an overall agreement in line with the
Set of Ideas should be achieved without further delay;
Notes that the recent joint meetings did not
achieve their intended goal, in particular because certain positions adopted
by the Turkish Cypriot side were fundamentally at variance with the Set of
Ideas,
Calls upon the Turkish Cypriot side to adopt
positions that are consistent with the Set of Ideas on those issues
identified by the Secretary-General in his report, and for all concerned to
be prepared in the next round of talks to make decisions that will bring
about a speedy agreement,
Recognizes that the completion of this process in
March 1993 would be greatly facilitated by the implementation by each side
of measures designed toi promote mutual confidence;
Urges all concerned to commit themselves to the
confidence building measures set out below:
That, as a first step towards the
withdrawal of non-Cypriot forces envisaged in the Set of Ideas, the number
of foreign troops in the Republic of Cyprus undergo a significant
reduction and that a reduction of defence spending be effected in the
Republic of Cyprus;
That the military authorities on each side
cooperate with the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus in order
to extend the unmanning agreement of 1989 to all areas of the United
Nations-controlled Buffer Zone where the two sides are in close proximity
to each other;
That with a view to the implementation of
resolution 550 (1984), the area at present under the control of the United
Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus be extended to include Varosha;
That each side take active measures to
promote people-to-people contact between the two communities by reducing
restrictions to the movement of persons across the Buffer Zone;
That restrictions imposed on foreign
visitors crossing the Buffer Zone be reduced;
That each side propose bi-communal
projects, for possible financing by lending and donor Governments, as well
as international institutions;
That both sides commit themselves to the
holding of Cyprus-wide census under the auspices of the United nations;
That both sides cooperate to enable the
United Nations to undertake, in the relevant locations, feasibility
studies (i) in connection with the resettlement and rehabilitation of
persons who would be affected by the territorial adjustments as part of
the overall agreement, and (ii) in connection with the programme of
economic development that would, as part of the overall agreement, benefit
those persons who would resettle in the area under Turkish administration;
Requests the Secretary-General to follow up on the
implementation of the above confidence-building measures and to keep the
Security Council informed as appropriate;
Also
requests the Secretary-General to maintain such preparatory contacts as he
considers appropriate before the resumption of the joint meetings in March
1993, and to propose for the Security Council’s consideration revisions in
the negotiating format to make it more effective;
Further requests the Secretary-General, during the
March 1993 joint meetings, to assess developments on a regular basis with
the Council with a view to considering what further action may be needed by
the Council;
Requests the Secretary-General to submit a full
report after the conclusion of the joint meetings that will resume in March
1993.
Adopted
at its 3140th meeting,
Letter
dated 20 September 1993 from the President of the Security Council addressed to
the Secretary-General
“I
have the honour to inform you that your report on your mission of good offices
in Cyprus dated 14 September 1993 (s/26438) has been considered by the members
of the Security Council.
“The
members of the Council have asked me to convey to you their continuing support
for your efforts, and those of your Special Representative and Deputy Special
Representative. They fully endorse your report and your observation on the
current situation.
The
members of the Council reiterate the obligation of both parties to cooperate
with you fully and without further delay in reaching promptly an overall
framework agreement on the package of proposals and, in the first instance to
arrive at an agreement on the package of proposals related to Varosha and
Nicosia International Airport which will create climate more conductive to
engaging in negotiations on the basis of the Set of Ideas. The members of the
Council note with concern that the Turkish Cypriot side has not yet shown the
necessary goodwill and cooperation required to achieve an agreement.
“The
members of the Council express their deep disappointment that an agreement on
the package has not yet been reached and agree that you cannot continue
your current effort indefinitely. They call on the Turkish Cypriot side t9o give
its active support to the effort.
The
members of the Council agree that it is encouraging that there is widespread
interest in the package among the Turkish Cypriot community. In this context,
they support your proposals to send two technical teams to Cyprus to analyse the
implications of the package, in the terms suggested in paragraph 20 of your
report, and to identify the requirements for making Nicosia International
Airport operational.
“The
members of the Council look forward to receiving the report requested in
resolution 831 (1993), which will cover the outcome of your further efforts to
achieve an agreement on the Varosha and Nicosia International Airport package,
including the results of the two technical missions. On the basis of this report
the members of the Council will undertake a thorough
review of the situation and, if necessary, consider alternative ways to
promote the implementation of the resolutions on Cyprus”.
(signed)
Adolfo Raul Taylhardat
President
of the Security Council
Resolution
889 (1993)
Adopted
by the Security Council on 15 December 1993
The
Security Council,
Recalling
its resolution 186 (1964) and other relevant resolutions,
Having
considered the report of the Secretary-General of 22 November 1993 (s/26777 and
Add. 1 ) submitted pursuant to resolutions 831 (1993) of 27 May 1993 and 839
(1993) if 11 June 1993 in connection with the Security Council’s comprehensive
reassessment of the United Nations operation in Cyprus,
Noting
the recommendation by the Secretary-General that the Security Council extend the
stationing of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus in its present
strength and structure for a further period of six month,
Noting
also tha the Government of Cyprus has agreed that, in view of the prevailing
conditions in the island, it is necessary to keep the Force in Cyprus beyond 15
December 1993,
1.
Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of the United Nations
Peace-keeping Force established under resolution 186 (1964) (UNFICYP) for a
further period ending on 15 June 1994;
2.
Notes the Secretary-General’s conclusion that the present circumstances
do not allow for any modification in the structure and strength of UNFICYP and
requests him to keep those matters under constant review with a view to the
further possible restructuring of UNJICYP;
3.
Calls upon the military authorities on both sides to ensure that no
incidents occur along the buffer zone and to extend their full cooperation to
UNJICYP;
4.
Urges all concerned once again to commit themselves to a significant
reduction in the number of foreign troops in the Republic of Cyprus and a
reduction of defence spending in the Republic of Cyprus to help restore
confidence between the parties and as a first step towards the withdrawal of
non-Cypriot forces as set out in the Set of Ideas;
5.
Calls upon the military authorities on both sides, in line with paragraph
3 of resolution 839 (1993) of 11 June 1993, to begin discussions with UNFICYP
without further delay with a view to entering into mutual commitments to
prohibit along the cease-fire lines live ammunition or weapons other than those
which are hand-held and to prohibit also the firing of weapons within sight or
hearing of the buffer zone;
6.
Calls upon the military authorities on both sides to cooperate with
UNFICYP in extending the 1989unmanning agreement to cover all areas of the
buffer zone where the two sides are in close proximity
to each other.
7.
Urges the leaders of both communities to promote tolerence and
reconciliation between the two communities as recommended in paragraph 102 of
the Secretary-General’s report of 22 November 1993;
8.
Reaffirms that the status quo is unacceptable, and encourages the
Secretary-General and his Special Representative to pursue the
Secretary-General’s mission of good offices on the basisi of the Set of Ideas
and the package of confidence –building measures relating to Varosha and
Nicosia International Airport refereed to in paragraph 45 of the
Secretary-General’s report on 22 November 1993;
9.
Notes with
interest the comfirmation by the team on international economic experts that the
package of confidence-building measures holds significant and proportionate
benefits for both sides , and looks forward to receiving the full reports of the
economic and civil aviation experts;
10.
Welcomes
in this context the decision of the Secretary-General to resume intensive
contacts with both sides and with others concerned and to concentrate at this
stage on achieving an agreement on the package of confidence-building measures,
intended to facilitate the political process towards an overall settlement;
11.
Further
welcomes the declared support of the Government of Turkey for the package of
confidence-building measures, would also welcome a statement of support for that
package by the Government of Greece and expresses the hope that rapid progress
will now be made on achieving agreement on the package;
12.
Requests
the Secretary-General to submit a report by the end of February 1994 on the
outcome of his efforts to achieve an agreement on the package of
confidence-building measures;
13.
Decides to
undertake, on the basis of that report, a thorough review of the situation,
including the future role of the United Nations, and, if necessary, to consider
alternative ways to promote the implementation of its resolutions on Cyprus.
Adopted
at its 3322nd meeting.
The
situation created by the illegal Turkish invasion of the island of Cyprus in
1974 is clearly one of systematic and continuing violation of human rights in
breach of the purposes and principles of the Charter, and major
international instruments. The Government of the Republic of Cyprus has filed a
Fourth Application to the European Commission of Human Rights (Application No.
25781/94 Cyprus v. Turkey) contending that the Government of Turkey since 4
October 1983, when the European Commission of Human Rights adopted its Report in
respect of Application No. 8007/77, for violations of human rights by Turkey in
the areas occupied by the Turkish army in Cyprus continues to commit breaches of
the following Articles of the Convention and its First Protocol:
Article 1 (General Clause): Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions….
Charge laid against Turkey: Greek Cypriots were deprived of their possessions either by eviction or by seizure of movable property and its subsequent removal by Turkish soldiers, or by conditions making abandonment of home and property the only way to safety.
Article 2: Everyone’s right to life be
protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally…
Charge
laid against Turkey: The Turkish army embarked upon a systematic course of mass
murders of civilians unconnected with any war activity, including women and
babies in arms, and of soldiers who had surrendered.
Article 3: No one shall be subjected to
torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment………
Charge laid against Turkey: Hundreds of persons, including children, women and elderly people, were the victims of systematic torture and savage and humiliating treatment during their detention by the Turkish army.
4.
Article 4: Prohibition of slavery,
servitude and forced or compulsory labour.
Article 5: No one shall be deprived of his
liberty
Charge laid against Turkey: The Turkish Army forces detained thousands of persons arbitrarily and without lawful authority.
Article 6: Right to fair trial by an
independent and impartial tribunal
Article 8: Respect of private and family
life
Article 9: Freedom of thought, conscience
and religion
Article 11: Freedom of assembly and
association with others
Article 13: Right to an effec6tive remedy
against violations or the rights guaranteed by the Convention